As the Iran war escalates, Gulf Arab states are turning to China—not Washington—to use its economic leverage over Tehran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and the Red Sea. Their push reflects frustration that US‑Israeli strikes since February 28 have hurt Iran but also disrupted Gulf energy exports and exposed them to retaliation.
With Iran and its allies threatening the Bab el‑Mandeb waterway as well as Hormuz, Gulf governments hope Beijing can steer Tehran toward a settlement. China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi and envoy Zhai Jun have engaged Gulf and Iranian counterparts, stressing diplomacy. Beijing’s position as a major oil buyer and Iran’s top trading partner offers influence but also sensitivities. Gulf sources note issues are raised quietly, reflecting respect for China’s role.
Yet doubts remain. Beijing has avoided publicly challenging Tehran’s threats, raising questions about its willingness to secure Gulf exports. Analysts say China prioritizes preserving relationships and avoiding fallout with Washington. Gulf officials acknowledge China’s involvement but argue it lacks the influence they expected.
China’s Middle East policy is shaped by great‑power rivalry. While it has deepened trade ties with GCC states since 2022 and brokered Saudi‑Iran rapprochement in 2023, Beijing avoids binding security commitments. It has held talks with Yemen’s Houthis to protect shipping but has not pressured them to halt attacks.
China benefits from discounted Iranian oil and has supplied dual‑use technology, though it denies providing military aid. Its strategy reflects caution: unlike U.S. alliances based on defense obligations, China prefers trade and investment partnerships. Sources say Beijing’s transactional approach shields its own shipping but does little to end wider attacks.
Ultimately, Gulf governments hope China will press Iran toward peace, but they recognise Beijing’s slow, cautious diplomacy. Prolonged conflict may even serve China’s interests by straining US power. Beijing insists it will not use force to reopen Hormuz, calling instead for dialogue and safe shipping routes.
President Xi Jinping is expected in the US for talks with Trump on September 24, where he will present a four‑point proposal for Middle East stability. Beijing continues to push Pakistan to mediate between Washington and Tehran, while maintaining direct talks with Gulf states and Iran. For now, China’s role remains limited—focused on protecting its own interests rather than reshaping the conflict.
