What is the secret to a long life? Three Brazilian sisters with a combined age of 316, who were named by Guinness this month as the oldest living trio of siblings in the world, may help researchers find out.

The DNA Longevo Project, a study led by scientist Mayana Zatz from the University of Sao Paulo, aims to investigate the biological factors behind aging. The sisters, Zulina de Deus Nunes, 103, Zoraide de Deus Mota, 104, and Levita de Deus Nunes, 109, who live in Rio de Janeiro, were identified through LongeviQuest.

Findings from the three sisters’ case could help scientists better understand why some people remain physically and cognitively resilient at exceptionally advanced ages. Researchers will compare nonagenarians and centenarians with people who have developed frailty, cognitive decline or chronic diseases, seeking traits linked to longevity.

“Through DNA testing, we look for protective genes, and we know there are several of them,” said Zatz, who coordinates the university’s Human Genome Research Center. “The more people we have who live past 100, especially families with multiple centenarians, the more accurate our research will be in identifying them.”

Scientists believe inherited factors may play a larger role than environmental influences in preserving health and function later in life.  The three sisters credit their longevity to a healthy diet and an active lifestyle.