US President Donald Trump vowed Friday to intensify economic punishment against Iran, following treasury secretary’s warning that unprecedented measures could be imposed next week. Washington, the UN and EU have sanctioned Tehran for decades over its nuclear program and rights abuses. Analysts outline several paths Trump could pursue:

SANCTIONS ON CHINESE REFINERS

Independent Chinese refineries absorb much of Iran’s oil exports. Their limited exposure to US finance makes them harder to target, but secondary sanctions could squeeze margins and deter purchases.

SANCTIONS ON CHINESE BANKS

OFAC has penalized smaller entities in China and Hong Kong for processing Iranian oil revenues. Treasury has warned two larger banks they could face secondary sanctions if Iranian funds move through their systems. “WHACK‑A‑MOLE” SANCTIONS

The US continues targeting Iranian individuals, firms and intermediaries in China and the Gulf that help Tehran evade restrictions. Treasury recently sanctioned companies facilitating oil‑for‑imports trades. Yet experts say Iran simply creates new entities, limiting impact.

LAND BLOCKADE

Some US and Israeli officials have floated cutting Iran’s land trade routes via neighbors including Iraq, Turkey and Pakistan. Such a move could choke imports of food and textiles but would be logistically difficult and may not spark domestic unrest.

SECONDARY TARIFFS

Trump has threatened tariffs on countries trading with Iran. A Senate bill passed last week expands Russia and Iran sanctions and could grant Trump tariff powers, though House approval remains uncertain amid bipartisan concerns.